The ArcGIS Desktop applications are made up of a collection of components called ArcObjects. These objects can be consumed and extended using .NET (VB.NET or C#). For example, you can create your own commands and tools, bundle them into a toolbar, and then deliver that toolbar to your users to address specific workflows and needs.
If you are just getting started, learn about ArcObjects and then create a command by following a step-by-step walkthrough.
In addition to the introductory material, the Concepts and Samples section includes hundreds of topics and samples focused on key areas of the ArcObjects API. Get details about the ArcGIS application framework, learn about creating custom geoprocessing tools by reviewing a sample, delve into Geodatabase management, and much more.
The Library Reference is also available if you need more information about each object and its properties, methods, and events.
In the Community section you will find a Code Gallery for sharing your work with others, along with quick access to the forums and technical articles that are relevant to you as a .NET developer.